How does maxillomandibular advancement treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is a surgical procedure specifically designed to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by enlarging and stabilizing the upper airway. This is achieved by repositioning the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) forward in relation to the skull. As a result, the anatomical structures of the airway, including the tongue and other tissues, are placed in a more favorable position that reduces the likelihood of airway obstruction during sleep.

This advancement increases the volume of the airway, making it less likely to collapse, which is a common issue in individuals with OSA. By addressing the root cause of obstructive sleep apnea, this procedure can substantially improve airflow and reduce the severity of the apnea events during sleep, leading to better overall sleep quality for the patient.

The other approaches do not directly address the mechanical obstruction of the airway in the same way that MMA does. Tightening throat muscles, for instance, may not provide a sufficient structural fix for the anatomy that contributes to OSA. Similarly, changing sleep position or enhancing diet and exercise can contribute to overall health but do not fundamentally alter the airway structure that leads to obstructive sleep apnea.