Which ECG arrhythmia is commonly seen in PSG recordings for patients with obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac disease?

Atrial fibrillation is commonly observed in polysomnography (PSG) recordings for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and underlying cardiac disease due to its relationship with increased sympathetic activity, hypoxia, and the stress placed on the heart during periods of apnea. This arrhythmia occurs when the heart's electrical signals become disorganized, leading to a rapid and irregular heartbeat.

In patients with OSA, frequent cessation of breathing during sleep can cause significant changes in oxygen levels and blood flow. These fluctuations can lead to electrical disturbances in the heart, making it more susceptible to atrial fibrillation. Additionally, those with existing cardiac conditions may be at an even higher risk since their heart is already compromised, further exacerbating the likelihood of developing this arrhythmia during episodes of sleep apnea.

The presence of atrial fibrillation in this population is clinically significant, as it can lead to increased risk of stroke and other cardiovascular complications, necessitating careful monitoring during sleep studies. This highlights the importance of interpreting ECG findings within the context of both sleep-related issues and cardiac health.