Which patient scenario indicates the need for maxillomandibular advancement surgery?

The scenario that indicates the need for maxillomandibular advancement surgery is associated with obstructive sleep apnea unresponsive to CPAP. This surgical procedure is aimed specifically at individuals who experience structural issues in their airway that contribute to obstructive sleep apnea, particularly when other interventions, such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy, have failed to provide adequate relief.

Maxillomandibular advancement surgery involves repositioning the upper and lower jaw to enlarge the airway, which can lead to improved airflow during sleep. When a patient has severe obstructive sleep apnea and does not respond to CPAP—often due to anatomical factors or severe airway collapse—this surgical option becomes a potentially effective alternative for reducing or eliminating apneic events.

In contrast, scenarios like recurrent central apneas, severe nasal obstruction, and restless leg syndrome are not primarily treated through maxillomandibular advancement surgery, as they pertain to different underlying issues that do not necessarily involve the same anatomical problems associated with obstructive sleep apnea.